What does the "duty of fair representation" require from unions?

The "duty of fair representation" is a key obligation imposed on labor unions under the National Labor Relations Act and various other labor laws. This duty requires unions to represent all members fairly and without discrimination, ensuring that all members' interests, regardless of their level of engagement, are taken into account.

When a union undertakes to represent its members in negotiations, grievances, or other representations before employers, it cannot favor certain members over others or act in a way that is arbitrary or discriminatory based on factors such as activity level, seniority, or income status. This ensures that every member receives equitable treatment and has their rights advocated for by the union, promoting fairness and trust in labor relations. The principle protects both the minority and majority within the union, fostering an environment of inclusivity.