What is involved in collective bargaining?

Collective bargaining fundamentally refers to the process of negotiation between employers and a group of employees, often represented by a union, concerning the terms of employment. The primary goal is to reach agreements on issues such as wages, work hours, benefits, workplace safety, and other conditions of employment.

The correct choice highlights that collective bargaining is a voluntary process. It is characterized by the initiative from both the employer and the employees (or their representatives) to come to a mutually agreeable decision. This voluntary nature is essential because it reflects the principles of negotiation where both parties engage in discussions to finalize contracts that represent their collective interests without coercive measures.

In contrast, options that imply compulsory negotiations, exclusive negotiations with government representatives, or one-sided negotiations undermine the essence of collective bargaining, which is rooted in mutual agreement and collaboration. Rather than being enforced by law or being unilaterally directed by management, the process relies on the active participation and consent of both parties involved in the bargaining.